Understanding Endometrial Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Endometrial Cancer?

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium. Most cases happen after menopause, but it can affect younger women too. Because early detection is important, knowing the signs of endometrial cancer can help you seek care quickly. According to the CDC, endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs.

Common Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

It is important to notice any changes in your body. Early signs of endometrial cancer often include unusual bleeding. However, other symptoms may also appear. Watch for these signs:

Vaginal bleeding after menopause

Bleeding between periods

Watery or blood-tinged discharge

Pelvic pain or pressure

Pain during sex

Sometimes, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions. Still, it is wise to talk to your doctor if you notice any of them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of endometrial cancer. Yet, certain factors can raise your risk. For example, changes in hormone levels play a big role. Here are some common risk factors:

Being over age 50

Obesity

Having diabetes

Taking estrogen without progesterone

Family history of endometrial or colon cancer

Never being pregnant

Early menstruation or late menopause

Although you cannot change some risks, healthy habits may help lower your chances.

How Endometrial Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose endometrial cancer. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam is done. If needed, your doctor may order tests such as:

Transvaginal ultrasound (an imaging test to look at the uterus)

Endometrial biopsy (removing a small tissue sample for testing)

Dilation and curettage (D&C) if more tissue is needed

After diagnosis, your doctor may order more tests to see if the cancer has spread. Early endometrial cancer diagnosis can improve treatment results.

Treatment Options for Endometrial Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer. However, most women need surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy). Other treatment options for endometrial cancer include:

Radiation therapy (using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells)

Hormone therapy (using medicines to block certain hormones)

Chemotherapy (using drugs to destroy cancer cells)

Your doctor will explain which treatment is best for you. Sometimes, a combination of treatments is used for better results.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot prevent all cases, you can lower your risk. Here are some tips for preventing endometrial cancer:

Maintain a healthy weight

Stay active with regular exercise

Manage diabetes and high blood pressure

Talk to your doctor about hormone therapy risks

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

In addition, regular check-ups can help catch problems early.

When to See a Doctor

Do not ignore unusual bleeding or pelvic pain. If you notice any signs of endometrial cancer, see your doctor soon. Early diagnosis can make treatment easier and more effective. Even if your symptoms seem minor, it is better to be safe.

For personalized advice on endometrial cancer, consult a healthcare specialist at Sagar Hospital & Cancer Care.